Markus Wermuth and Hans U. Güdel
Lifetime determination of intermediate excited electronic
states via up-conversion using sequences of square-wave
excitation pulses
Chem. Phys. Lett. 323, 514-521 (2000)
Abstract:
Methods to determine lifetimes of intermediate excited electronic states from
up-conversion-luminescence transients induced by square-wave excitation pulses
are presented. The methods are based on an excited-state absorption mechanism
promoting population from a long-lived electronic state in the infrared to a
short-lived emitting state in the visible. The methods are introduced for a
three-level model system and applied to measure intermediate excited state
lifetimes in three experimental examples of rare-earth or transition-metal ion
doped insulating materials, namely CsCdBr3:Ho3+,
Cs2ZrBr6:Os4+, and
Cs2ZrCl6:Os4+.